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% " % ( % ) ) / & , 0 % 0 % 1 2 3 4 5 4 6 7 8 9 7 ;Massachusetts Institute of technology Department of Physics 8022 Fall Final Formula sheet a GG Potential φ() a −φ(b) =− ∫E ds b ⋅ Energy of E The energy of an electrostatic configuration U = 1 1 2 2 ∫ V ρφdV = 8π∫ E dV= 8 9 l E = O V W F V W W X o e B E O M B O Q W p O 2 ƒEƒ‹ƒtƒJƒbƒg ƒŒƒfƒB[ƒX ƒ~ƒfƒBƒAƒ€ ƒXƒgƒŒ[ƒg